First/Then Card

A First/Then Card is a visual tool that helps students understand expectations by showing them what they need to do (First) before receiving a reinforcer or engaging in a more preferred activity (Then).  

When to Use:  

• To Support Transitions - Helps students move from one activity to another with clear expectations.  
• To Increase Motivation - Encourages participation in non-preferred tasks by pairing them with a preferred outcome.   
• To Build Task Completion Skills - Supports students in learning that completing a task leads to reinforcement.  
• Visual Learners - Beneficial for students who process information better visually rather than verbally.  

How to Use:  

• Prepare the First/Then Card - Choose a visual card with two sections: First (non-preferred activity) and Then (reinforcer/preferred activity).  
• Introduce the First/Then Concept - Show the student the First/Then card while pointing to each visual. Say “First (Activity 1), then (Activity 2). Ensure Activity 2 is motivating for the student.  
• Provide Gentle Reminders - If the student resists or gets off-task, show the card again and repeat the directions.  
• Acknowledge Task Completion - When Activity 1 is completed, show the card and say “(Activity 1) finished!” while pointing at the first section. Then point to the Then section and say “Now (Activity 2).” Immediately begin Activity 2 to reinforce the connection between task completion and reward.  

Tips:  

• Ensure Activity 2 is motivating - The “Then” activity should be reinforcing enough to encourage participation in “First.”
• Follow Through Immediately - Activity 2 must begin right after Activity 1 is completed. Delaying it weakens the effectiveness of the strategy.  
• Use Durable and Portable Cards - Try using the back of a zippered pencil pouch for easy storage of extra icons.  
• Keep Language Simple - Limit verbal instructions to clear, direct phrases (e.g., “First work, Then iPad”).

Variations:  

• Use Digital First/Then Cards - If permitted, apps like ClassDojo, Choiceworks, or Remind can be used for visual scheduling.  
• Incorporate Movement-Based Reinforcers - Instead of toys or screens, the “Then” activity can be a sensory break (e.g., jumping, stretching).  
• Multi-Step Expansion - If the student progresses, transition to a First/Next/Then sequence to increase task completion expectations.  
• Adapt for Group Use - Use a class wide First/Then board to help an entire group transition between activities.  
• Use Real Objects Instead of Pictures - If a student does not respond well to pictures, try using physical items (e.g., placing a pencil under “First” and a small toy under “Then”).